Periodontal disease is a severe case of gum disease that causes the deterioration of gums, teeth, and jawbone if left untreated. Periodontal disease occurs when plaque and tartar accumulate on the gum line, straining the gums, and therefore leading to inflammation. There are several stages of the progression of the disease.
Gingivitis
This is the mildest form of periodontal disease. Gingivitis is caused by a build-up of bacteria and plaque along the gum line and teeth, causing inflammation. The gums become sensitive, swollen, red, and easily bleed during brushing and flossing. Gingivitis is easily reversible with proper oral hygiene and when treatment is sought early.
Early Periodontitis
Gingivitis progresses to early periodontitis when untreated. The infection spreads to the gums, causing them to detach from the teeth and causing gum recession. This subsequently leads to the formation of periodontal pockets between the teeth and the gums. These pockets become hoarding points for bacteria and plaque. The bacteria and the body’s efforts to fight the infection lead to bone deterioration. Bad breath and receding gums are some of the symptoms of early periodontitis. With proper treatment, this stage is reversible.
Moderate Periodontitis
Moderate periodontitis is the third stage of periodontal disease. In this stage, the infection spreads further, and the periodontal pockets deepen. The bone damage is also more extensive. Patients experience more pain and sensitivity. The treatment for moderate periodontitis is a little more aggressive, involving scaling, root planing, and even surgery.
Advanced Periodontitis
This is the last and the most severe case of periodontal disease. The bone tissue damage is even more extended, and the teeth become loose enough that it is necessitated to remove them. Additionally, pus and abscesses form on and below the gum line. This stage can be treated by getting a bone graft and soft tissue graft to treat the damaged tissue. Patients can also seek implant surgery to replace the lost teeth.
